Dealing with natural hazards is all part of the camping experience but it's important to know how to cope with the worst nature can throw your way.

Bushfires can be a real danger to campers - they are unpredictable and spread rapidly. You should never go bushwalking when a total fire ban is in place as it usually means conditions are ideal for a fire outbreak.

If you do see smoke, take it seriously regardless of distance. Head for the nearest open space, preferably downhill, as forested ridges are the most hazardous places to be.

Open spaces have less material to burn such as trees, dried leaves and long grasses. While you'll still be in danger, it reduces the chance of being engulfed by smoke and then flames.

If a bushfire approaches your camp site take your tent to the middle of a clearing. Clear the area of as much dry tinder as possible, soak your tent with water (if possible) and get explosive, flammable items such as gas bottles and aerosols as far away as you can. If the fire front is going to pass over you (and it will do so quickly), seek shelter in your tent under as many fire blankets and flame-retardant wool blankets as possible.

Natural born pests 

Australia's creepy-crawlies are perhaps the biggest threat to camping comfort. These tips will help you avoid nasty surprises and sleepless nights.

• Examine the ground for ants' nests prior to pitching your tent or spreading out your picnic blanket.
• Ensure your tent is zipped at all times to stop creatures entering.
• Don't leave shoes, socks, hats and gloves lying around outside as they can provide a warm spot for spiders to hide. Always check items if they have been left outside.
• Wear gloves when collecting firewood.
• Always re-seal food receptacles immediately.
• Dispose of your rubbish thoughtfully to prevent ants and flies descending in droves. It will also stop possums clattering around your camp at night.
• Burn a citronella candle to discourage mosquitos.
• If hiking, wear ankle-high boots, thick socks and trousers to reduce the risk of snake bites and leech attacks.
• Leeches will not bite skin covered with insect repellent or tea-tree oil.
• Don't attempt to handle snakes. If out walking wait until they pass. If you see a snake around the camping area, notify the ranger.

Camping first aid Q & A's

Storm safety 

Heavy rain and high winds can cause havoc to your camp site. Here's some safety measures to help minimise the danger:

• Don't camp under trees with large boughs, especially gums. Often called 'widow makers', they tend to snap off in strong winds and lightning strikes.
• If you're looking for shade try medium size leafy trees which filter the light well. Most rainforest trees are pretty sturdy. Most people set up their own shelter (tarps and annexes etc) for protection from the midday sun.
• Ensure your tent is secured firmly using the correct pegs for soil type.
• Use an extra tent fly or tarpaulin to add strength. It will also act as an extra rain barrier.
• Remove items that can become missiles and pierce your tent in strong winds. Collect fallen branches and place them in a sheltered area such as an outbuilding, fireplace enclosure or a natural wind break (see below). Pack camping accessories in your vehicle.
• Use natural land formations such as a lee of a hill, base of a valley or rock formations to act as wind breaks. If in an open area use your vehicle.
• If heavy rain is expected, dig a small trench on the high side of your tent that is longer than your tent to divert water flow away from your camp.
• If a storm is severe, leave the area. Never try and 'ride it out'.
  Seek advice from local rangers on camping during the summer storm season.

Electrical storms 

Although lightning strikes seem random you can take precautions to avoid being struck.

• Take shelter in your vehicle or a building if possible. If you are in your vehicle don't touch the metal framework because the lightning passes through this - not you and not the rubber tyres.
• Avoid being the tallest object around. Get as low as you can by squatting (not lying down). Remove your backpack - especially if it has metal frames.
• Avoid sheltering under the tallest object or the tallest tree in a group. Sheltering under trees should be avoided.
• Stay away from metal fences and water - don't go swimming - as both conduct electricity over long distances.
• If the threat of lightning strikes is great, do not huddle in a group - spread out at least 30 metres apart. Keep track of each other by numbering off in loud voices. If one member of your crew is struck, give assistance.
• Mountain summits and exposed ridges are extremely hazardous during lightning storms. If you are caught here, quickly descend to a lower point away from the direction of the approaching storm.
• Exposed tents may provide shelter from rain but metal frames provide no lightning protection. If you shelter in the tent, ground currents can run through you from head to foot as you lie in contact with the ground. Seek alternative shelter.